Credit scoring is a method used by lenders to help decide whether or
not you are a good candidate for a loan.
Lenders employ a credit scoring system to determine your credit
score:

Compares
information in your credit report to the performance of consumers
who have similar credit characteristics.

Examines
many credit characteristics including your payment history, the
number and kind of accounts you have, the number and frequency of
late payments, and any collections or bankruptcies.
Generally speaking, positive credit characteristics make your
score higher and help you to qualify for better loans. Negative
characteristics make your score lower and may interfere with your
ability to qualify for the best loan terms.